Integrating heat-stable carbetocin into routine maternal care can significantly reduce postpartum hemorrhage incidence and improve maternal outcomes.
Based on reporting by MedRxiv Clinical Preprints. Research, structure, and fact-checking by Groundwork.

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Among deliveries with documented prophylactic uterotonic use, 41,658 (85.9%) received HSC and 6,812 (14.1%) received oxytocin. Overall, 275 PPH cases (0.57%) were documented. Among women receiving HSC prophylaxis, 200 (0.48%) developed PPH, compared with 75 (1.10%) among those receiving oxytocin.
Uterine atony was the leading documented cause of PPH (176/275; 64.0%). Management included tranexamic acid in 239 (86.9%) cases, intravenous fluids in 273 (99.3%), blood transfusion in 36 (13.1%), and referral to a higher-level facility in 84 (30.5%) cases.
HSC uptake was significantly higher in First Referral Units than non-FRU facilities (89.3% vs. 81.4%; p<0.001), as was administration within one minute among HSC recipients (100% vs. 98.7%; p<0.001).
District-wide implementation of an HSC-based AMTSL strengthening model achieved high coverage and timely administration of prophylactic uterotonics across public-sector facilities operating at different levels of obstetric capacity. The findings provide real-world implementation evidence supporting the feasibility of integrating HSC into routine government maternity services using existing health-system infrastructure, supervision, and reporting mechanisms.
The study has several implications for practice. Firstly, it highlights the importance of integrating HSC into routine labour room practice alongside provider capacity building, strengthened documentation, and supportive supervision. Secondly, it demonstrates the feasibility of implementing HSC-based AMTSL strengthening models in public-sector facilities operating at different levels of obstetric capacity.
The study has several limitations. Firstly, the observational design used in the study means that the findings are descriptive rather than causal. Secondly, the study was conducted in a specific district in India, and the findings may not be generalizable to other settings.
The study highlights the need for further research on the large-scale integration of HSC into routine public health systems. Future studies should aim to evaluate the impact of HSC-based AMTSL strengthening models in different settings and to identify the key factors that influence their implementation.
Integrating heat-stable carbetocin into routine maternal care can significantly reduce postpartum hemorrhage incidence and improve maternal outcomes. The findings of this study provide real-world implementation evidence supporting the feasibility of integrating HSC into routine government maternity services using existing health-system infrastructure, supervision, and reporting mechanisms.
The study highlights the importance of investing in maternal health infrastructure and strengthening healthcare systems to prevent postpartum hemorrhage. The findings of this study have significant implications for maternal health policy and practice, and they underscore the need for further research on the large-scale integration of HSC into routine public health systems.
The key outcomes of the study include prophylactic uterotonic coverage, timeliness of administration, PPH incidence, and management practices.
The study highlights the importance of integrating HSC into routine labour room practice alongside provider capacity building, strengthened documentation, and supportive supervision.
The study has several limitations, including the observational design used and the fact that it was conducted in a specific district in India.
The study highlights the need for further research on the large-scale integration of HSC into routine public health systems.
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This guide underwent secondary data verification to confirm primary source integrity, calculation formulas, and regulatory compliance before publication.
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